Getting Started #3: GCSEs, A-Levels and alternative paths
How do homeschooled teens take exams?
This is the third in a series of ‘Getting Started’ guides for parents of teens in the UK starting out in home education. Whilst the information below is accurate now (March 2025) things change and so its important you do your own research when embarking on your own home education journey.
One of the most common concerns for home-educating families is how their teenager will gain qualifications. With no school to organise things on their behalf, parents and teens have to take the initiative in planning qualifications if that’s their route. The good news? There are multiple ways to approach qualifications - some traditional, some alternative and some that bypass exams altogether.
GCSEs and A-Levels: How do homeschooled teens take exams?
For students who want to take the typical academic route, GCSEs and A-Levels remain the most widely recognised qualifications in the UK. Homeschooled teens take these exams as private candidates, meaning parents must find an exam centre - sometimes a local school but often a dedicated private exam centre - that accepts external candidates.
Key things to consider:
Registration deadlines: Private candidates must register for exams early. The main deadline for summer exams (typically in May and June) is in January.
Exam centres: Less and less schools are accepting private candidates, so it’s essential to research and book well in advance. Some centres cater specifically to home educators.
Costs: Fees vary by subject and exam board, usually ranging from £100 to £300 per exam. Subjects with coursework or practical components (like science practicals or languages) can be more expensive and harder to access.
Self-study or tutors: Unlike school students, homeschooled candidates often self-study or use tutors, online courses or group classes to prepare.
If A-Levels are the goal, the same process applies - students register as private candidates. Universities accept A-Level qualifications from home-educated students, often alongside other experiences or qualifications.
Alternative qualification routes
Not all careers require GCSEs and A-Levels and for some young people, alternative pathways may be a better fit. Here are some options:
Functional Skills (Maths & English)
For those who need a qualification in English and Maths but don’t want to sit GCSEs, Functional Skills Level 2 is an equivalent qualification that is now widely accepted by employers and colleges.
BTECs, NVQs, and Apprenticeships
Vocational qualifications like BTECs (Business and Technology Education Council), NVQs (National Vocational Qualifications) and apprenticeships offer hands-on, practical learning in various industries. Many colleges accept students post-16 without GCSEs, offering vocational courses that lead directly to careers.
Direct work experience and self-employment
Some teenagers choose to gain real-world experience instead of focusing on formal qualifications. This could include internships, freelance work, starting a business or gaining industry-specific training. In fields like coding, digital marketing and creative industries, a strong portfolio can be more valuable than exam results.
University Access Courses
For teens who decide later that they want to attend university but lack the usual A-Level route, access courses provide an alternative entry point. Many universities offer foundation years or access diplomas designed for students without traditional qualifications.
What you need to know:
Homeschooled teens can sit GCSEs and A-Levels as private candidates but planning ahead is crucial.
Alternative qualification routes like Functional Skills, vocational courses and work experience can lead to successful careers.
The right path depends on your teen’s individual goals—exams aren’t always necessary for success.